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How Do Home Equity Loans Work?

Understanding Home Equity Loans

Home equity loans are a popular borrowing option for homeowners looking to convert some of the equity of their primary residence into cash. But can landlords and real estate investors use a home equity loan on a property they don’t live in? Yes, you can get a home equity loan on a rental or investment property, but the process is more complex, and you’ll likely face stricter lending criteria. Here’s what you need to know about obtaining home equity loans for these properties.

How Home Equity Loans Function

A home equity loan is a secured loan that allows you to borrow against the equity you’ve built up in your home. Equity is the amount of your home’s appraised value minus your outstanding mortgage balance. It represents the amount of your home that you actually own. Loan funds are distributed in one lump-sum payment, which you repay at a fixed rate over your loan’s term, which typically ranges from five to 30 years.

Requirements for a Home Equity Loan

To qualify for a home equity loan on your primary residence, you generally need:

  • Sufficient Home Equity: Typically, lenders require at least 15% to 20% equity in your home.
  • Minimum Credit Score: A minimum credit score of 680 is usually required, though some lenders may look for higher scores.
  • Low Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI): Many lenders set their DTI limit at 43%.
  • Stable Income and Employment: Proof of steady income and employment is necessary.
  • Strong Payment History: A history of timely payments on your existing mortgage and other credit forms is crucial.

Home equity loans help homeowners cash out equity at lower interest rates than other forms of credit, which they can use to renovate their homes or make major repairs. These benefits also extend to second homes, where you can obtain a home equity loan for home improvements, repairs, or other purposes.

Securing a Home Equity Loan for a Rental or Investment Property

Eligibility Requirements

While home equity loans on investment properties aren’t as widely available as traditional ones for borrowers using their primary residence, they’re still possible to obtain. Credit unions, community banks, and specialized lenders can be good options, especially if you’re already a member or have an established relationship with them.

Eligibility requirements for rental or investment properties may be stricter and include:

  • Higher Credit Scores: A minimum credit score of 720 is often required.
  • Lower Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio: Typically around 70% to 80%.
  • Varying DTI Requirements: DTI caps can range from 40% to 50%.

Lenders tend to view investment properties as riskier than primary residences, believing that if you run into financial difficulties, you’re more likely to walk away from the investment property than the one you live in. To compensate for this elevated risk, lenders typically charge higher interest rates. Similarly, loan terms for rental or investment properties are often shorter, usually 10 to 15 years—compared to terms of up to 30 years available for primary residence loans.

Challenges to Consider Before Applying for a Home Equity Loan

Potential Challenges

Taking out a home equity loan on a rental or investment property isn’t as common or straightforward as a standard home equity loan. These loans come with their own challenges, including stricter lending criteria and potentially higher interest rates due to their perceived higher risk.

Improving Approval Odds

As with all loans, approval often boils down to risk. Your approval odds improve when you’re able to alleviate your lender’s concerns. Good credit, sufficient income, and low DTI ratios can bolster your approval odds significantly. So can other factors, such as:

  • Rental Income: Lenders will likely want to review your income and loss records.
  • Property Value: Higher property value can increase your likelihood of loan approval.
  • Cash Reserves: Adequate cash reserves show your lender you’ve got a financial safety net.

The Bottom Line

A home equity loan could help you fund a home improvement project on your rental or investment property, such as renovating a kitchen or bathroom. This upgrade could not only improve the home but also increase its value and potentially offer tax benefits. The IRS states you may deduct interest on a home equity loan if you use the funds to “buy, build or substantially improve the residence” that secures the loan. On the other hand, the loan carries significant risk, namely that you could lose the home to foreclosure if you default.

If you decide to get a home equity loan, having good credit could improve your likelihood of approval and securing a favorable interest rate. Before applying, it’s a smart move to check your credit report and credit scores for free with Experian. That way you can identify any issues that could harm your chances of approval and take steps to resolve them.

For any mortgage service needs, call O1ne Mortgage at 213-732-3074. We are here to help you navigate the complexities of home equity loans and ensure you get the best possible terms.